Accidental deep field bias in CMB T × SNe z correlation
CosmicWeb
Tracey
Friday
Date Submitted
2019-03-13 10:14:39
University of Central Lancashire
T. Friday (University of Central Lancashire), R. G. Clowes (University of Central Lancashire), S. Raghunathan (University of Melbourne), G. M. Williger (University of Louisville)
Evidence presented by Yershov, Orlov and Raikov showed that the cosmic microwave background (CMB) pixel-temperatures (T) at supernovae (SNe) locations tend to increase with increasing redshift (z). They suggest this correlation could be caused by the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect and/or by some unrelated foreground emission. We assess this correlation independently using Planck 2015 SMICA R2.01 data and, following Yershov et al., a sample of 2783 SNe from the Sternberg Astronomical Institute. Our analysis supports the prima facie existence of the correlation but attributes it to a composite selection bias (high CMB T × high SNe z) caused by the chance alignment of seven deep survey fields with CMB hotspots. These seven fields contain 9.2 per cent of the SNe sample (256 SNe). Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient indicates the correlation present in the whole sample (ρs = 0.5, p-value = 6.7 × 10−9 ) is insignificant for a sub-sample of the seven fields together (ρs = 0.2, p-value = 0.2) and entirely absent for the remainder of the SNe (ρs = 0.1, p-value = 0.6). We demonstrate the temperature and redshift biases of these seven deep fields, and estimate the likelihood of their falling on CMB hotspots by chance is at least ∼ 6.8% (approximately 1 in 15). We show that a sample of 7880 SNe from the Open Supernova Catalogue exhibits the same effect and we conclude that the correlation is an accidental but not unlikely selection bias.
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